year 8 pass term 1 Body systems


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Term one Energy systems

Week one
God’s Amazing Human Body – A gift to us.

God made our bodies incredibly complex and beautiful we are so blessed to have what we have been given. Each muscle, ligament, bone and fibre was deliberately made with a specific function and use. All parts of this incredible machine (the body) work in harmony to achieve awesome results and stunning feats.

It is good for us to learn how our bodies work in order to understand them and get the most out of the activities we need to engage in everyday. With the correct knowledge we can train our bodies to do incredible things like in many of the sport we watch in the Olympics. There are also other areas such as the arts, that require the use of fine motor skills which are amazing in their own right.
Check out the human body in action - here is cyclist Sir Chris Hoy

God has given us an amazing body with extraordinary capabilities
Here is a diagram of the human skeletal structure.
Check out this link for more 



Homework resources 

Draw and label the different types of bone joints. (hint) We made two of these joints in class
Below is all the information you will need


Gliding joint
Saddle joint. Allows movement side to side and up and down


Week two
Muscles
The Muscular system Interesting link http://www.human-body-facts.com/human-body-muscle-diagram.html

As was mentioned before God has designed an incredible human body. The Muscular system works in harmony with the Skeletal system to accomplish incredible actions. In the gym after an appropriate warm up complete some of the strength exercises they will help to explain how some of the muscles are used.
(guidelines for gym usage)
exercise you can do at home without weights
  • prone brace/sit up (abdominal)
  • side brace (external internal obliques)
  • push up (Pectorals
  • bicep curl(biceps)
  • Lat pull down (for lats)
  • Seated row (for Trapezoidal)
  • Bench press (for pecs)
  • Squat/Leg press (for quadriceps)
  • Hamstring Raise (for hamstrings)
  • Calf raise (for calf)
  • Dead lift (for Quadriceps and gluets) 
  • Weighted leg cycle (for calf)
HOMEWORK
every second day you are to do a set (5-8 reps) push ups or sit ups and see if it becomes easier by the last day.
Make sure you book work is up to date.  
 Week 3
The role of the Muscular system...
As we talked about when discussing the Skeletal system, the muscular system works very closely with the skeletal system to keep us upright as well as giving us the ability to perform every task where movement is required.
  • Our muscles contract (tighten) and relax when they move objects, our limbs and all parts of our body.
  • The muscular system is Voluntary meaning it works by the command of our brain sent via the nervous system
  • muscles are strengthened by use they can also gain a kind of memory when the are repeatedly involved in a particular action. What is an example?
  • muscles work together to perform tasks e.g. bicep and triceps
extra activity make muscles using rubber bands
video of bicep movement ultrasound
types of muscle/joint movements

try some of these
Week 4
Circulatory System
The circulatory system consists of the heart and all the different pathways that carry nutrients and oxygen via the blood to muscles. Capillaries and arteries are the two major pathways. Blood is pumped by the heart to the lungs where it is oxygenated, then pumped back to the heart via the right ventricle. Oxygenated blood is then pumped by the heart around the body to deliver nutrients and oxygen to working muscles



Lactic Acid and oxygen debt
 main points
  • Lactic acid is produced when a muscle demands more oxygen than it can get.
  • Lactic acid and lactate are not the same thing
  • At this stage in research there are multiple ideas about the role of Lactic acid. Is it a good thing or bad thing?
  • Lactate comes as a result of the production of lactic acid and this is what is the burning feeling in muscle
USEFUL website for this topic click here 

    PRACTICAL TASK... produce lactate in your muscles strenuous exercise required


Here is a very interesting article about Lactic Acid and development of research in this area http://www.sport-fitness-advisor.com/lactic-acid.html

Homework task Due Week 5 thursday.  is to read this article and write 5 points to summarise the main ideas here.
HINT: a point could be that Lactic Acid research has found the lactic acid is not actually a waist product instead it is a helpful chemical which is essential and useful
Find the Dictionary meaning of these KEY words
  •  Anaerobic, Aerobic, Lactate
week 5
The Respiratory system.
The respiratory system is another amazing part of the body that God has made for us and we seldom even think about it's existence.
Our lungs operate inhaling and exhaling about 22000 times per day consuming about 8.5 cubic meters of air per day (reference)
Our lungs are not just big empty sacs rather they are made up of about 600 million little sacs called Alveoli.
Q. why do you think God made our lungs this way?
Bellow is a diagram of our lungs



The lungs also play a part in releasing waste from our body which is Carbon Dioxide (CO2) this come as waste product from our muscles use of oxygen and carbohydrate.
Lungs are an involuntary organ, what does this mean?

Here is the rough sequence of our lungs doing their job
1 inhale, air fills the Alveoli
2, oxygen is extracted and absorbed into the blood stream
3 oxygen and carbohydrate used (rather converted in muscle action)
4Carbon Dioxide travels back to the lungs via blood the released back into the Alveoli
5Carbon Dioxide is Exhaled into the Atmosphere


Lets do a Cardiovascular work out! Skipping

Week7
Recap questions click here
Nutrition




Nutrition…Body Fuel. The food that we  need to eat to maintain and Fuel our bodies is broken down in to different categories and quantities. Below is the old fashioned food pyramid; I say it is old fashion because it is changing as we speak. But, for now, it is what we go off; it is a pretty good idea about what we should be consuming to stay strong and healthy.
Also, we Talked about maintaining, losing or gaining weight and also, we Talked about maintaining it is all about balance. Therefore, if your are burning more calories (units that represent a measure of energy) that you are eating then you will lose weight because your body will start eating away at what ever supplies it can this is normally fat then protein (which is muscle). On the other side if you eat more calories than you use then you will gain weight. Here is a link to a calories counter so you can have some fun working out how much you want to eat. http://caloriecount.about.com/cc/calories-burned.php
The most important thing to remember is to just try to eat healthy and do some activity during the week. I feel there is too much focus on weight in our society and that is not what we want. Go made each of us differently and we really need to remember that no two us us will look or be the same!! So be happy with who you are! Thank you GOD

Week 8
Mind power
So far we have talked about many different systems of the body and how they work together but by far the most important system (part of the body) is the one you can see. It is the one that makes up our personality, our thoughts and believes. Next term when we look at training, the most important part of our body to master is our minds, being able to go the extra mile, do the extra effort and be disciplined in everything we do.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSokDsOwE1g 

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